Dokotala amawunika munthu yemwe ali ndi malungo pamalo ofikira a Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport ku Aceh Besar, Indonesia, pa Januware 27.
Ngati munayenda padziko lonse lapansi miyezi iwiri yapitayi, mwina mwakumanapo nawo: azaumoyo akulozerani mfuti ya thermometer pamphumi panu kapena akumayang'ana mukupita kuti muwone ngati mukutsokomola kapena kupuma movutikira.Maiko ambiri tsopano akuyang'ana okwera ndege omwe akubwera ndikunyamuka omwe atha kudwala matenda a virus COVID-19;zina zimafuna okwera kuti alembe zikalata zaumoyo.(Ena amangoletsanso kapena kuyika kwaokha anthu omwe angoyamba kumene malo otentha.)
Kutuluka ndi kulowa nawo kungawoneke ngati kolimbikitsa, koma zomwe zimachitika ndi matenda ena zikuwonetsa kuti ndizosowa kwambiri kuti owunika azindikire omwe ali ndi kachilomboka.Sabata yatha, okwera asanu ndi atatu omwe pambuyo pake adayezetsa kuti ali ndi COVID-19 adafika ku Shanghai kuchokera ku Italy ndipo adadutsa zowonera pa eyapoti osazindikirika, mwachitsanzo.Ndipo ngakhale owonera atapeza vuto lanthawi zina, silikhala ndi vuto lililonse pakubuka.
'Pamapeto pake, njira zomwe zimayang'anira kutengera matenda omwe ali paulendo zimangochedwetsa mliri wamba komanso osaletsa,' atero Ben Cowling, dokotala wa miliri ku yunivesite ya Hong Kong.Iye ndi ena akuti kuyezetsa kumachitika nthawi zambiri kusonyeza kuti boma likuchitapo kanthu, ngakhale zotsatira zake zitakhala zochepa.
Komabe, ofufuza amati pangakhale phindu.Kuwunika ndi kufunsa anthu okwera ndege mafunso asanakwere ndege—kutuluka m’ndege—kungalepheretse ena amene akudwala kapena amene ali ndi kachilomboka kuti asayende.Kuwunika kolowera, komwe kumachitika mukafika pabwalo la ndege komwe mukupita, kumatha kukhala mwayi wopeza zidziwitso zothandiza ngati zitapezeka kuti matenda adafalikira paulendo wa pandege ndikupatsanso apaulendo malangizo pazomwe angachite ngati adwala.
Sabata ino, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti wa US Mike Pence, yemwe akutsogolera kuyankha kwa coronavirus, adalonjeza 'kuwunika 100%' pamaulendo apandege ochokera ku Italy ndi South Korea kupita ku United States.China, yomwe idanenanso za milandu 143 yatsopano dzulo, 'idzagwirizana padziko lonse lapansi kuti iwonetsetse kutuluka ndi kulowa ndi madera omwe akudwala miliri,' a Liu Haitao, wogwira ntchito ku China National Immigration Administration, adatero pamsonkhano wa atolankhani pa Marichi 1 ku Beijing, malinga ndi wailesi ya boma ya CCTV.
Ndi milandu ingati ya COVID-19 yomwe yapezeka padziko lonse lapansi mpaka pano sizikudziwika.Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi waku New Zealand adaletsedwa kukwera ndege yochoka ku Wuhan, China, atalephera kuyezetsa zaumoyo, New Zealand Herald idatero.United States idayamba kuyang'ana nzika zaku US, okhala mokhazikika, ndi mabanja awo omwe akhala ku China mkati mwa masiku 14 apitawa pa eyapoti 11 pa 2 February.(Aliyense amene wakhala ali ku China mkati mwa nthaŵi imeneyo sangaloŵe m’dzikolo.) Pofika pa 23 February, apaulendo apandege 46,016 anali atapimidwa;m'modzi yekha adapezeka kuti ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo adapatulidwa kuti alandire chithandizo, malinga ndi lipoti la 24 February kuchokera ku US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Izi sizinaimitse kufalikira kwa kachilomboka ku United States, komwe kuyambira m'mawa uno kuli ndi milandu 99 yotsimikizika, malinga ndi CDC, kuphatikiza ena 49 mwa anthu omwe abwezedwa kuchokera ku Wuhan ndi sitima yapamadzi ya Diamond Princess ku Yokohama, Japan.
Pali njira zambiri zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo amatha kuzembera muukonde.Makina ojambulira matenthedwe ndi zoyezera m'manja sizokwanira.Cholakwika chachikulu ndichakuti amayezera kutentha kwa khungu, komwe kumatha kukhala kokwera kapena kutsika kuposa kutentha kwapakati pathupi, chomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la kutentha thupi.Zidazi zimapanga zabwino zabodza komanso zolakwika zabodza, malinga ndi EU Health Program.(Apaulendo omwe amanenedwa kuti akutentha thupi ndi makina ojambulira nthawi zambiri amadutsanso pomwe zida zoyezera m'kamwa, m'khutu, kapena zapakhwapa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kutentha kwa munthuyo.)
Apaulendo amathanso kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa kutentha thupi kapena kunama zizindikiro zawo komanso komwe adakhala.Chofunika koposa, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo akadali m'gawo lawo la makulitsidwe - kutanthauza kuti alibe zizindikiro - nthawi zambiri amaphonya.Kwa COVID-19, nthawiyo imatha kukhala pakati pa masiku awiri mpaka 14.
Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha kulephera kwa kuwunika kwa eyapoti komwe kunachitika ku China pambuyo poti nzika zisanu ndi zitatu zaku China, onse ogwira ntchito pamalo odyera ku Bergamo, Italy, adafika ku Shanghai Pudong International Airport pa 27 ndi 29 February, malinga ndi zomwe zidalembedwa mwatsatanetsatane atolankhani akumaloko komanso kulengeza kwakanthawi kochokera ku Health & Family Planning Committee ya Lishui, mzinda womwe uli m'chigawo cha Zhejiang, chomwe chimalire ndi Shanghai.
Pudong yakhala ndi lamulo loyang'ana anthu onse obwera chifukwa cha kutentha thupi pogwiritsa ntchito 'kujambula kosalumikizana ndi matenthedwe' kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januware;imafunikanso kuti apaulendo afotokoze za thanzi lawo akafika.Sizikudziwika ngati aliyense mwa ogwira ntchito kumalo odyera asanu ndi atatuwa anali ndi zizindikiro, kapena momwe adachitira lipotilo.Koma atatenga magalimoto obwereketsa kupita ku Lishui, kwawo, mmodzi wa okwerawo anadwala;adapezeka ndi SARS-CoV-2, kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa COVID-19, pa 1 Marichi.Tsiku lotsatira, asanu ndi awiri otsalawo adapezekanso ndi kachilomboka.Anali milandu yoyamba yotsimikizika m'chigawo cha Zhejiang m'sabata imodzi.
M'malo mwake njira zomwe cholinga chake ndikutenga matenda mwa apaulendo zimangochedwetsa mliri wam'deralo osati kuletsa.
Zomwe zinachitikira m'mbuyomu sizimapangitsanso chidaliro chochuluka.Mu kuwunika kwa 2019 mu International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, ofufuza adasanthula mapepala asayansi 114 ndi malipoti owunika matenda opatsirana omwe adasindikizidwa zaka 15 zapitazi.Zambiri ndizokhudza Ebola, matenda oopsa a virus omwe nthawi yake yoyamwitsa imakhala paliponse pakati pa masiku a 2 ndi masabata a 3.Pakati pa Ogasiti 2014 ndi Januwale 2016, kuwunikaku kunapezeka, palibe mlandu umodzi wa Ebola womwe udapezeka pakati pa anthu okwera 300,000 omwe adawonedwa asanakwere ndege ku Guinea, Liberia, ndi Sierra Leone, omwe onse anali ndi miliri yayikulu ya Ebola.Koma okwera anayi omwe anali ndi kachilomboka adadumphadumpha pakuwunika chifukwa analibe zizindikiro.
Komabe, kuwunika kotulukako mwina kwathandizira kuthetsa ziletso zochulukira zoyenda powonetsa kuti njira zikuchitidwa kuti ateteze mayiko omwe sanakhudzidwe, idatero pepalalo, lolembedwa ndi Christos Hadjichristodoulou ndi Varvara Mouchtouri waku University of Thessaly ndi anzawo.Kudziwa kuti akadakumana ndi mayeso otuluka kungalepheretsenso anthu ena omwe ali ndi Ebola kuti asayese kuyenda.
Nanga bwanji zowonera mbali ina ya ulendo?Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, ndi Canada onse adakhazikitsa zowunika za matenda aacute kupuma (SARS), omwe ndi ofanana ndi COVID-19 komanso omwe amayamba chifukwa cha coronavirus, pakubuka kwa 2002-03;palibe amene adagwira odwala.Komabe, kufalikiraku kudali komwe kudachitika pomwe kuwunikaku kudayambika, ndipo kudafika mochedwa kwambiri kuti aletse kuyambitsidwa kwa SARS: Maiko onse anayi kapena zigawo zinali kale ndi milandu.Pa nthawi ya mliri wa Ebola wa 2014-16, mayiko asanu adafunsa anthu omwe akubwera kuti adziwe zizindikiro komanso kukhudzana ndi odwala ndikuwunika kutentha thupi.Sanapezenso mlandu umodzi.Koma okwera awiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo, asymptomatic adatsika polowera, wina ku United States ndi wina ku United Kingdom.
China ndi Japan zidakhazikitsa mapulogalamu owunikira olowera pa nthawi ya mliri wa chimfine cha H1N1 cha 2009, koma kafukufuku adapeza kuti zowunikirazo zidatenga tizigawo tating'ono ta omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo mayiko onsewa anali ndi miliri yayikulu, gululo linanena mu ndemanga yake.Kuwunika kolowera 'kosathandiza' pozindikira apaulendo omwe ali ndi kachilombo, Hadjichristodoulou ndi Mouchtouri auza Science.Pamapeto pake, apaulendo amene ali ndi matenda opatsirana amakafika kuzipatala, zipatala, ndi m’maofesi a madokotala m’malo mongogwidwa pabwalo la ndege.Ndipo kuwunika kumawononga ndalama zambiri: Canada idawononga ndalama zokwana $5.7 miliyoni poyesa kulowa kwa SARS, ndipo Australia idawononga $50,000 pa mlandu uliwonse wa H1N1 mu 2009, atero Hadjichristodoulou ndi Mouchtouri.
Matenda onse opatsirana amachita mosiyana, koma awiriwa sayembekezera kuti kuwunika kwa eyapoti kwa COVID-19 kukhala kothandiza kwambiri kuposa SARS kapena chimfine.Ndipo sizokayikitsa kuti zitha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pakufalikira, akutero Cowling.
Maphunziro awiri aposachedwa a ma modelling amafunsanso kuwunika.Ofufuza ku European Center for Disease Prevention and Control atsimikiza kuti pafupifupi 75% ya omwe adakwera omwe ali ndi COVID-19 komanso ochokera m'mizinda yaku China yomwe yakhudzidwayo sangawonekere polowera.Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi gulu la London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine adatsimikiza kuti kuyesa kutuluka ndi kulowa 'sikutheka kulepheretsa oyenda omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kupita kumayiko kapena madera atsopano komwe angakatengeko kufalitsa kwawoko.'
Kwa mayiko omwe amayesa kuyesa, World Health Organisation ikugogomezera kuti si nkhani yongonyamula mfuti ya thermometer.Kuwunika kotuluka kuyenera kuyambika ndikuwunika kutentha ndi zizindikiro komanso kufunsa anthu omwe akukwera kuti athe kukhudzidwa ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.Oyenda omwe ali ndi zizindikiro ayenera kuyesedwanso ndikuyezetsa, ndipo milandu yotsimikizika iyenera kusunthidwa kuti ikhale kwaokha ndi kulandira chithandizo.
Kuwunika kolowera kuyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kusonkhanitsa zambiri za komwe wodwala ali masabata angapo apitawa zomwe zitha kuthandizanso kudziwa omwe akulumikizana nawo.Oyenda ayeneranso kupatsidwa chidziwitso chowonjezera chidziwitso cha matenda ndi kulimbikitsidwa kukhala aukhondo, akutero katswiri wa miliri Benjamin Anderson wa pa yunivesite ya Duke Kunshan.
2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science.Maumwini onse ndi otetezedwa.AAAS ndi mnzake wa HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef ndi COUNTER.
