Igosa lezonyango lijonga umkhweli ngeempawu zomkhuhlane kwindawo yokufika yesikhululo seenqwelomoya iSultan Iskandar Muda International e-Aceh Besar, eIndonesia, nge-27 kaJanuwari.
Ukuba ubukhenketha kumazwe aphesheya kwezi nyanga zi-2 zidlulileyo, usenokuba udibene nazo: amagosa ezempilo ekhomba ngokufutshane umpu wethemometha ebunzi okanye ejonge xa udlula ejonga iimpawu zokhohlokhohlo okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.Amazwe amaninzi ngoku abukele abakhweli abafikayo nabahamba emoyeni abanokuthi baphathwe sisifo sentsholongwane i-COVID-19;abanye bafuna abakhweli bagcwalise izibhengezo zempilo.(Abanye bavalela okanye bavalele bodwa abo basandul’ ukuvela kwiindawo ezishushu.)
Ukuphuma kunye nokuhlolwa kokungena kunokujongeka kuqinisekisa, kodwa amava nezinye izifo abonisa ukuba kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abahloli babone abakhweli abosulelekileyo.Kwiveki ephelileyo, abakhweli abasibhozo abathi kamva bavavanya ukuba banayo i-COVID-19 bafike eShanghai bevela e-Italiya kwaye badlula kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya bengabonwa, umzekelo.Kwaye nokuba abahloli bayayifumana imeko ngamaxesha athile, ayinayo impembelelo kwindlela yokuqhambuka.
'Ekugqibeleni, amanyathelo ajolise ekubambeni usulelo kubahambi aya kulibazisa ubhubhani wasekhaya kwaye angawuthinteli,' utshilo uBen Cowling, ugqirha wezifo zezifo kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong.Yena nabanye bathi uvavanyo luhlala luqalwa ukubonisa ukuba urhulumente uthatha inyathelo, nokuba ifuthe lincinci.
Sekunjalo, abaphandi bathi zisenokubakho iingenelo.Ukuphonononga kunye nokubuza abakhweli ngaphambi kokuba bakhwele inqwelomoya-ukuphuma ekuhlolweni-kunokuthintela abanye abagulayo okanye abachanabeke kwintsholongwane ukuba bahambe.Uvavanyo lokungena, olwenziwa ekufikeni kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya, inokuba lithuba lokuqokelela ulwazi loqhagamshelwano oluluncedo ukuba kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba usulelo lusasazekile ngexesha lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nokunika abahambi isikhokelo malunga nokuba benze ntoni xa begula.
Kule veki nje, uSekela Mongameli wase-US uMike Pence, okhokela impendulo ye-coronavirus, uthembise 'ngokuhlolwa kwe-100%' kwiinqwelomoya ezisuka e-Italiya naseMzantsi Korea zisiya e-United States.I-China, ebike kuphela amatyala amatsha ali-143 izolo, 'iza kusebenzisana kumazwe angaphandle ukuze iqalise ukuphuma kunye novavanyo lokungena kunye nemimandla ethwaxwa ngubhubhani,' uLiu Haitao, igosa kuLawulo lweSizwe lokuFumaneka e-China, utshilo kwinkomfa yabezindaba nge-1 kaMatshi eBeijing, ngokosasazo lukarhulumente iCCTV.
Mangaphi amatyala e-COVID-19 afunyenwe kwihlabathi liphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukacaci.Ubuncinci umntu omnye waseNew Zealand wathintelwa ukuba akhwele inqwelomoya ephuma eWuhan, eTshayina, emva kokungaphumeleli kuvavanyo lwezempilo, ingxelo yeNew Zealand Herald.I-United States iqalise ukuhlolwa kokungena kwabemi base-US, abahlali abasisigxina, kunye neentsapho zabo ebeziseTshayina kwiintsuku ezili-14 ezidlulileyo kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ezili-11 nge-2 kaFebruwari.(Nabani na ongomnye obeseTshayina ngelo xesha akanakungena kweli lizwe.) Ngomhla wama-23 kuFebruwari, abahambi ngenqwelomoya abangama-46 016 babesele behloliwe;mnye kuphela owavavanywa ukuba une-HIV kwaye wayeyedwa kunyango, ngokwengxelo ye-24 kaFebruwari evela kumaZiko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo lwase-US (CDC).Oko ngokucacileyo akukumisi ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane e-United States, okuthe ukusukela ngale ntsasa inamatyala angama-99 aqinisekisiweyo, ngokutsho kwe-CDC, kunye nama-49 ngaphezulu phakathi kwabantu ababuyiselwe e-Wuhan kunye ne-Diamond Princess ngenqanawa yokuhamba ngenqanawa e-Yokohama, eJapan.
Zininzi iindlela abantu abosulelekileyo abanokuthi batyibilike ngazo kwinetha.Izikena zobushushu kunye neethemometha eziphathwa ngesandla azigqibelelanga.Eyona ntsilelo inkulu kukuba balinganisa ubushushu bolusu, obunokuba phezulu okanye bungaphantsi kunobushushu bomzimba obungundoqo, i-metric engundoqo yefiva.Izixhobo zivelisa iimpawu zobuxoki kunye neengcamango zobuxoki, ngokweNkqubo yezeMpilo ye-EU.(Abahambi abaphawulwe njengobushushu ziskena badla ngokudlula kuvavanyo lwesibini apho iithemometha zomlomo, zendlebe, okanye zamakhwapha zisetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa ubushushu bomntu.)
Abakhweli banokuthatha amayeza athomalalisa umkhuhlane okanye baxoke ngeempawu zabo nalapho bebeye khona.Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, abantu abosulelekileyo basekwinqanaba labo lokufukamela-oko kuthetha ukuba abanazo iimpawu-bahlala bephoswa.Kwi-COVID-19, elo xesha linokuba naphi na phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 kunye ne-14.
Umzekelo omnye omangalisayo wokungaphumeleli kokuhlolwa kwesikhululo seenqwelomoya esandula kudlalwa eTshayina emva kokuba abemi abasibhozo baseTshayina, bonke abasebenzi kwindawo yokutyela eBergamo, eItali, bafike kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya iShanghai Pudong International nge-27 kunye ne-29 kaFebruwari, ngokolwazi oludityaniswe kunye kwiinkcukacha Amajelo eendaba asekuhlaleni kunye nezibhengezo ezimfutshane zeMpilo kunye neKomiti yoCwangciso lweNtsapho yaseLishui, isixeko esikwiphondo laseZhejiang, esikumda weShanghai.
IPudong inomgaqo-nkqubo wokuskena bonke abakhweli abafikayo ngefiva ngokusebenzisa 'imifanekiso eshushu enganxibelelananga nayo' ukusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari;ikwafuna ukuba abakhweli bachaze isimo sabo sempilo xa befika.Akukacaci ukuba ngaba basibhozo abasebenzi bendawo yokutyela babeneempawu, okanye bayiphathe njani le ngxelo.Kodwa emva kokuthabatha iinqwelo-mafutha eziqeshiweyo ukuya eLishui, idolophu yakowabo, omnye wabakhweli wagula;wavavanywa ukuba une-SARS-CoV-2, intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19, ngomhla woku-1 kuMatshi.Ngosuku olulandelayo, abasixhenxe abaseleyo bavavanywa benayo.Yayingamatyala okuqala aqinisekisiweyo kwiphondo laseZhejiang kwiveki enye.
Ekugqibeleni imilinganiselo ejolise ekubambeni usulelo kubahambi iya kulibazisa ubhubhani wasekhaya kwaye ungayithinteli.
Amava exesha elidlulileyo nawo awazithembi.Kuphononongo luka-2019 kwiJenali yeHlabathi yoPhando lweNdalo kunye neMpilo yoLuntu, abaphandi baphonononga amaphepha esayensi ayi-114 kunye neengxelo malunga novavanyo lwezifo ezosulelayo ezipapashwe kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo.Uninzi lwedatha malunga ne-Ebola, isifo esibi kakhulu sentsholongwane esinexesha lokufukamela naphi na phakathi kweentsuku ezi-2 kunye neeveki ezi-3.Phakathi kuka-Agasti 2014 kunye noJanuwari 2016, ukuphononongwa kufunyenwe, akukho nanye imeko ye-Ebola efunyenwe phakathi kwabagibeli be-300,000 abahlolwe ngaphambi kokukhwela iinqwelomoya eGuinea, eLiberia naseSierra Leone, bonke babenezifo ezinkulu ze-Ebola.Kodwa abakhweli abane abosulelekileyo baye batyibilika kuvavanyo lokuphuma kuba bebengekabinazo iimpawu.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuphuma kovavanyo kunokuba kuncede ukurhoxisa izithintelo zokuhamba ezingakumbi ngokubonisa ukuba amanyathelo athatyathwa ukukhusela amazwe angachaphazelekanga, latsho iphepha, elibhalwe nguChristos Hadjichristodoulou kunye noVarvara Mouchtouri weDyunivesithi yaseThessaly kunye noogxa.Ukwazi ukuba ngekhe badibane novavanyo lokuphuma kusenokubayekise abanye abantu abavezwe yi-Ebola ekubeni bazame nokuhamba.
Kuthekani ngokuhlola kwelinye icala lohambo?ITaiwan, iSingapore, iOstreliya, kunye neCanada zonke ziphumeze uvavanyo lokungena kwi-acute acute breathing syndrome (SARS), efana ne-COVID-19 kwaye ekwabangelwa yi-coronavirus, ngexesha lokuqhambuka kuka-2002-03;akukho namnye owakha wabamba izigulane.Nangona kunjalo, uqhambuko lwaluqulethwe kakhulu ngexesha lovavanyo lwaqalwa, kwaye kwafika emva kwexesha kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqaliswa kwe-SARS: Omane amazwe okanye imimandla sele inamatyala.Ngexesha lobhubhani we-Ebola ka-2014-16, amazwe amahlanu abuze abahambi abafikayo malunga neempawu kunye nokuvezwa okunokwenzeka kwizigulana kwaye bajonga imikhuhlane.Abazange bafumane nalinye ityala.Kodwa ababini abosulelekileyo, abakhweli be-asymptomatic batyibilika ekuhlolweni kokungena, omnye e-United States kunye nomnye e-United Kingdom.
I-China kunye neJapan zinyusele iinkqubo zovavanyo olubanzi lokungena ngexesha lendyikityha yomkhuhlane we-H1N1 ka-2009, kodwa izifundo zafumanisa ukuba uvavanyo lubambe amaqhezu amancinci abo bosulelwe yile ntsholongwane kwaye omabini la mazwe anoqhambuko olukhulu, iqela linika ingxelo kuphononongo lwalo.Uvavanyo lokungenela 'alusebenzi' ekubhaqeni abahambi abosulelekileyo, uHadjichristodoulou noMouchtouri baxelela iSayensi.Ekugqibeleni, abahambi abanezifo ezosulelayo eziyingozi baya ezibhedlele, kwiikliniki nakwiiofisi zoogqirha kunokuba babanjwe kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya.Kwaye ukuhlolwa kuneendleko ezinkulu: ICanada ichithe malunga ne-5.7 yezigidi zeedola kuvavanyo lokungena kwe-SARS, kwaye i-Australia yachitha i-50,000 yeedola ngemeko ye-H1N1 echongiweyo ngo-2009, uHadjichristodoulou noMouchtouri batsho.
Sonke isifo esosulelayo siziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kodwa i-duo ayilindelanga ukuba uvavanyo lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya kwi-COVID-19 lusebenze ngakumbi kune-SARS okanye ubhubhane womkhuhlane.Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ube nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuhambeni kokuqhambuka, utshilo uCowling.
Izifundo ezimbini zamva nje zemodeli zibiza ukuvavanywa kumbuzo.Abaphandi kwiZiko laseYurophu loThintelo lweSifo kunye noLawulo bagqibe kwelokuba malunga ne-75% yabakhweli abosulelwe yi-COVID-19 kwaye abahamba besuka kwizixeko ezichaphazelekayo zaseTshayina abanakubonwa ngokungena.Uphononongo olwenziwa liqela kwiSikolo saseLondon seHygiene kunye neTropiki yezoNyango lugqibe kwelokuba ukuphuma kunye nokuhlolwa kokungena 'akunakwenzeka ukuba kuthintele ukuhamba kwabahambi abosulelekileyo baye kumazwe amatsha okanye imimandla apho banokuhlwayela khona imbewu.'
Kumazwe asamkela uvavanyo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi ugxininisa ukuba asingombandela nje wokubamba umpu wethemometha.Uvavanyo lokuphuma kufuneka luqale ngobushushu kunye nokuhlolwa kweempawu kunye nodliwano-ndlebe lwabakhweli malunga nokuba sesichengeni kunxibelelwano olusemngciphekweni omkhulu.Abahambi abaneempawu kufuneka banikwe olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango kunye novavanyo, kwaye iimeko eziqinisekisiweyo kufuneka zisiwe bodwa kunye nonyango.
Uvavanyo lokungena kufuneka ludityaniswe nokuqokelela idatha malunga nokuba isigulane siphi na kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ezinokuthi kamva zincede ekulandeleni abafowunelwa babo.Abahambi bafanele banikwe ulwazi lokwandisa ulwazi ngezifo kwaye bakhuthazwe ukuba baziqhelise ukucoceka komntu, utshilo uBenjamin Anderson weDyunivesithi yaseDuke Kunshan.
2020 Umbutho waseMelika wokuPhucula iNzululwazi.Onke Amalungelo Agciniwe.I-AAAS liqabane lika-HINARI, i-AGORA, i-OARE, i-CHORUS, i-CLOCKSS, i-CrossRef kunye ne-COUNTER.
