ꯁꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ꯫

ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ ꯊꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯜꯄꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯁꯤꯒꯨꯅꯤꯌꯥꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯒꯤꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯥꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯚꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯩꯊꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯤ: ꯑꯂꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤꯌꯥ —ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯂꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤꯌꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯊ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ꯫
ꯃꯤꯇꯔ 3,000ꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 30% ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯏꯟ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇ: ꯲꯰꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯃꯥꯂꯌꯥꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯶꯸% SpO2ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯗꯤꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫

•  ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
  ▶ 85-90% SpO2 : ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ)
  ▶ 75-85% SpO2 : ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯖꯕꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯅꯕꯤ
  ▶ 70%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ SpO2 : ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ꯫

• 'ꯍꯦꯄꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤꯌꯥ' ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ SpO2 ꯑꯁꯤ
  ꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯷꯵% ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ —꯲꯰꯲꯳ꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯔꯥꯗꯣ ꯍꯥꯏꯀꯥꯔꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ 'ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ' ꯷꯲% ꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯃꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯛꯌꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫.

SpO2 ꯏꯒꯅꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ꯫

1. ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ SpO2 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯏ ꯸꯰% , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ' ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ .' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯥꯏꯚꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯠꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

2. ꯔꯦꯄꯤꯗ ꯀꯤꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯦ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯦꯁ. (ꯑꯦꯛꯌꯨꯠ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯀꯅꯦꯁ): SpO2 <88% + ꯍꯦꯗ-ꯑꯦꯛ = ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ꯫

HAPE (ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯏꯗꯤꯃꯥ): SpO2 ꯀ꯭ꯔꯌꯥꯁ + ꯄꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯊꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯠ = ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ꯫

HACE (ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯏꯗꯤꯃꯥ): SpO2 <70% + ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ = ꯁꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ꯫

ꯑꯂꯇꯤꯠꯌꯨꯗ ꯁꯔꯚꯥꯏꯚꯜ ꯆꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯠ
(ꯁꯣꯔꯁ: ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯃꯥꯎꯟꯇꯦꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ, 2024)

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫	ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜꯗ꯫	ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
꯸,꯲꯰꯰ꯐꯨꯠ (ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲,꯵꯰꯰) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	<꯹꯲% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
꯱꯱,꯵꯰꯰ꯐꯨꯠ (ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯳,꯵꯰꯰) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	<꯸꯸% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	ꯍꯣꯜꯇ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯫
꯱꯴,꯸꯰꯰ꯐꯨꯠ (ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯴,꯵꯰꯰) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	<꯸꯲% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
꯱꯸,꯰꯰꯰ꯐꯨꯠ (ꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯵,꯵꯰꯰) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	<꯷꯵% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.	ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ DESCEND ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯜꯇꯤꯆꯨꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯛꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ SpO2 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯖ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ 10% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯒꯤꯌꯥꯔ: ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯐꯪꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ—ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯅꯤ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:
ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ SpO2 (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?)
ꯍꯥꯔꯠ /ꯄꯂꯁ ꯔꯦꯠ (ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?)
ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯂꯇꯤꯆꯨꯗ ꯁꯤꯛꯅꯦꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?)

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯐꯁꯦꯚꯔ ꯈꯜꯂꯨ
ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ:

ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ (ꯑꯦꯔꯥꯔ ꯃꯥꯔꯖꯤꯟ ≤±2%)

ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯜ (SpO2, HR/PR, ꯄꯔꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ)
ꯋꯥꯇꯔ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ (ꯏꯪ/ꯅꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ)
ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯇꯨꯊ-ꯏꯅꯦꯕꯜ (ꯑꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ)

ꯖꯌꯇꯦꯛ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯅꯣ?

✔ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯃꯣꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (SpO2, HR, ꯄꯔꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯏꯟꯗꯦꯛꯁ)

✔ ꯂꯦꯕ-ꯁꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯁꯟ : ꯱.

SpO2 ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯷꯰%-꯱꯰꯰% ( ±꯲% ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯂꯁ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ 30-100bpm( ±2bpm ) ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

꯱꯰꯱-꯲꯴꯰ꯕꯤ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯝ.( ±꯲ % ) ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫

✔ PI+Plethysmograph: ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯚꯦꯂꯤꯗꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

✔ ꯋꯥꯇꯔ -ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

✔ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨꯇꯨꯊ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

✔ C o mpact ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯋꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫

꯳ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• 1,600ft (500m) ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ : ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ SpO2 >5% ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯅꯥꯏꯇꯣꯝ ꯆꯦꯛ : ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯗꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ 10% ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ— ꯂꯥꯀꯎ꯫

• ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ-ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯔꯠ : ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ 10% SpO2 ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ : ꯁꯃꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯅꯥ—ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ—ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫