Aduruyɛ ho ɔpanyin bi hwehwɛ ɔkwantufo bi mu sɛ ebia ɔwɔ atiridii ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ baabi a wɔde Sultan Iskandar Muda Amanaman Ntam Wimhyɛn Gyinabea a ɛwɔ Aceh Besar, Indonesia, ba hɔ wɔ January 27 no.
Sɛ woatu kwan wɔ amanaman ntam asram 2 a atwam no a, ebia woahyia wɔn: akwahosan ho adwumayɛfo de thermometer tuo bi kyerɛ wo moma so bere tiaa bi anaasɛ worehwɛ bere a woretwam akɔhwɛ sɛ ebia ɔfe bi wɔ hɔ anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wobɛhome anaa. Mprempren aman pii rehwɛ wimhyɛn mu akwantufo a wɔreba na wɔrefi hɔ a ebia wɔwɔ ɔyare mmoawa a wɔfrɛ wɔn covid-19 no; Ebinom hwehwɛ sɛ akwantufo hyehyɛ akwahosan ho mpaemuka ahorow. (Ebinom nso bara wɔn a wɔakɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew nnansa yi no anaasɛ wɔayi wɔn afi hɔ kɛkɛ.)
Ebia nhwehwɛmu a wɔde fi adi ne nea wɔde hyɛ mu no bɛyɛ sɛ nea ɛma awerɛhyem, nanso osuahu a wonya wɔ nyarewa afoforo ho no kyerɛ sɛ wɔn ho yɛ na dodo sɛ wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ wɔn mu no behu akwantufo a wɔanya ɔyare no bi. Dapɛn a etwaam no ara mu no, akwantufo baawɔtwe a akyiri yi wɔyɛɛ wɔn ho nhwehwɛmu hui sɛ Covid-19 wɔ hɔ no fi Italy bae wɔ Shanghai na wotwaa wimhyɛn gyinabea a wɔhwɛ wimhyɛn gyinabea no ho asɛm a obiara anhu. Na sɛ wɔn a wɔhwɛ nneɛma so no hu asɛm a ɛba bere ne bere mu no mpo a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ennya nkɛntɛnso biara wɔ ɔkwan a ɔyare no fa so ba no so.
'awiei koraa no, nneɛma a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛkyere ɔyare mmoawa wɔ akwantufo mu no bɛtwentwɛn ɔyaredɔm bi a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ase na wɔrensiw ano kɛkɛ,' Ben Cowling, ɔyaredɔm ho ɔbenfo wɔ Hong Kong Sukuupɔn mu no ka. Ɔne afoforo ka sɛ wɔtaa de nhwehwɛmu si hɔ de kyerɛ sɛ aban bi reyɛ ho biribi, sɛ mpo nkɛntɛnso no yɛ kakraa bi a.
Nanso, nhwehwɛmufo ka sɛ mfaso betumi aba. Akwantufo a wɔbɛhwehwɛ wɔn mu na wɔrebisabisa wɔn nsɛm ansa na wɔaforo wimhyɛn —ebia nhwehwɛmu—betumi asiw ebinom a wɔyare anaasɛ wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mmoawa bi mu no kwan sɛ wobetu kwan. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ hyɛn mu, a wɔyɛ bere a woduu wimhyɛn gyinabea a wɔrekɔ no, betumi ayɛ hokwan a wɔde bɛboaboa nkitahodi ho nsɛm ano a mfaso wɔ so sɛ ɛbɛda adi sɛ ɔyare mmoawa bi atrɛw wɔ wimhyɛn bi mu ampa na wɔama akwantufo akwankyerɛ wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho sɛ wɔyare a.
Dapɛn yi ara mu no, U.S. ɔmampanyin abadiakyiri Mike Pence a ɔredi Coronavirus mmuae no anim no hyɛɛ bɔ sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ '100% screening' wɔ wimhyɛn a efi Italy ne South Korea kɔ United States tẽẽ mu. China a ɛbɔɔ nsɛm foforo 143 pɛ ho amanneɛ nnɛra no, 'bɛyɛ biako wɔ amanaman ntam de afi hɔ a wɔde fi mu ne mmeae a ɛfa ho nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa ɔyaredɔm ho,' Liu Haitao, ɔpanyin bi a ɔwɔ China Ɔman Atubrafo Dwumadibea no kae wɔ March 1 nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo nhyiam ase wɔ Beijing, sɛnea ɔman no nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo CCTV kyerɛ no.
Covid-19 nsɛm dodow ahe na wɔahu wɔ wiase nyinaa de besi nnɛ no mu nna hɔ. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔansiw New Zealandni biako kwan sɛ ɔbɛforo wimhyɛn a efi Wuhan, China, bere a wɔantumi anhwɛ akwahosan ho nhwehwɛmu no, New Zealand Herald bɔɔ amanneɛ. United States fii ase hwehwɛɛ U.S. ɔman mma, nnipa a wɔte hɔ daa, ne wɔn mmusua a wɔakɔ China wɔ nnafua 14 a atwam no mu wɔ wimhyɛn gyinabea 11 wɔ February 2 no mu. (Obiara a ɔwɔ China wɔ saa bere no mu no ntumi nkɔ ɔman no mu.) Eduu February 23 no, na wɔayɛ wimhyɛn akwantufo 46,016 ho nhwehwɛmu; Obiako pɛ na wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no yiye na woyii no fii hɔ maa ayaresa, sɛnea February 24 amanneɛbɔ bi a efi U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kyerɛ no. Ɛda adi pefee sɛ ɛno ansiw mmoawa no trɛw ano wɔ United States, a ɛde besi anɔpa yi no, nsɛm 99 a wɔagye atom, sɛnea CDC kyerɛ no, ne 49 foforo a ɛka ho wɔ nnipa a wɔsan fi Wuhan ne Diamond Princess hyɛn a wɔde tu kwan wɔ Yokohama, Japan no mu.
Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a nnipa a wɔanya ɔyare no betumi afa so ahwe ase afa asau no mu. Thermal scanner ne nsa a wɔde yɛ thermometer ahorow no nyɛ pɛ. sintɔ kɛse ne sɛ wosusuw honam ani hyew, a ebetumi ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛba fam sen nipadua no mu hyew titiriw, metric titiriw a wɔde ma atiridiinini. Mfiri ahorow no ma wonya atoro nsɛm a ɛyɛ papa ne atoro a ɛyɛ bɔne nso, sɛnea EU Health Programme kyerɛ no. (Akwantufo a scanner ahorow no kyerɛ sɛ wɔn ho yɛ hyew no taa fa nhwehwɛmu a ɛto so abien mu a wɔde ano, aso, anaa abasa mu ɔhyew kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow di dwuma de si onipa no hyew so dua.)
Akwantufo nso betumi anom nnubɔne a ɛma atiridiinini anaasɛ wodi atoro wɔ wɔn sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow ne baabi a wɔakɔ no ho. Nea ɛho hia sen biara no, nnipa a wɔanya yare no a wɔda so ara wɔ wɔn awotwaa mu no—a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wonni sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow—taa yɛ nea wɔpa ho kyɛw. Wɔ Covid-19 fam no, saa bere no betumi ayɛ baabiara a ɛwɔ nnafua 2 kosi 14 ntam.
Nhwɛso biako a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wimhyɛn gyinabea nhwehwɛmu no adi nkogu ara kwa no dii agoru wɔ China ara kwa bere a Chinafo awotwe, adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ adidibea bi a ɛwɔ Bergamo, Italy, nyinaa baa Shanghai Pudong Amanaman Ntam Wimhyɛn Gyinabea wɔ February 27 ne 29 akyi no, sɛnea nsɛm a wɔde nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ mu ne nsɛm a ɛyɛ hu a Health & Family Planning Committee of Lishui, kurow bi a ɛwɔ Zhejiang Province, a ɛyɛ kurow no de too gua no kyerɛ no.
Pudong anya nhyehyɛe bi a ɔde bɛhwɛ akwantufo a wɔreba nyinaa sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ atiridii denam 'noncontact thermal imaging' so fi January awiei; Ɛhwehwɛ nso sɛ akwantufo bɔ wɔn akwahosan ho amanneɛ bere a wɔadu hɔ no. Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi sɛ ebia adidibea adwumayɛfo baawɔtwe no mu biara wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow, anaasɛ sɛnea wodii saa amanneɛbɔ no ho dwuma no. Nanso bere a wɔde kar a wɔagye no kɔɔ Lishui akyi no, wɔn kurom no, akwantufo no mu biako yare; Ɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu hui sɛ ɔwɔ SARS-COV-2, mmoawa a ɛde covid-19 ba no, wɔ March 1. Ade kyee no, ason a aka no nso yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ papa. Wɔn ne nsɛm a edi kan a wɔagye atom wɔ Zhejiang mantam mu wɔ dapɛn 1 mu.
Awiei koraa no, nneɛma a wɔde asi wɔn ani so sɛ wɔbɛkyere ɔyare mmoawa wɔ akwantufo mu no bɛtwentwɛn ɔyaredɔm bi a ɛwɔ mpɔtam hɔ ase kɛkɛ na ɛrensiw ano.
Osuahu a atwam no nso mma ahotoso pii mma. Wɔ afe 2019 mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health mu no, nhwehwɛmufo hwehwɛɛ nyansahu mu nkrataa 114 ne amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛfa nyarewa a wɔde yare mmoawa ba a wotintimii wɔ mfe 15 a atwam no mu. Nsɛm dodow no ara fa Ebola, ɔyare mmoawa a emu yɛ den a ne bere a wɔde hyɛ mu no yɛ nnafua 2 ne adapɛn 3 ntam no ho. Wɔ August 2014 ne January 2016 ntam no, nhwehwɛmu no hui sɛ wɔanhu Ebola asɛm biako mpo wɔ akwantufo 300,000 a wɔhwɛɛ wɔn ansa na wɔreforo wimhyɛn wɔ Guinea, Liberia, ne Sierra Leone, a na wɔn nyinaa wɔ Ebola ɔyaredɔm kɛse no. Nanso akwantufo baanan a wɔanya ɔyare no bi hwee ase wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so fi adi ho nhwehwɛmu mu efisɛ na wonnyaa yare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Nanso, ebia nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so fi mu no boaa ma wɔde wɔn ani sii akwantu anohyeto ahorow a emu yɛ den kɛse so denam kyerɛ a wɔkyerɛe sɛ wɔreyɛ nneɛma bi de abɔ aman a enni hɔ no ho ban no so, saa na krataa a Christos Hadjichristodoulou ne Varvara Mouchtouri a wɔwɔ Thesaly Sukuupɔn ne wɔn mfɛfo mu kyerɛwee no kae. nim a wonim sɛ anka wobehyia nhwehwɛmu a wɔde fi adi no nso betumi ama nnipa binom a wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ Ebola mu no agyae mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ wobetu kwan mpo.
Na sɛnea wɔyɛ sini no ho nhwehwɛmu wɔ akwantu no awiei a aka no nso ɛ? Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, ne Canada nyinaa de entry screening for evere acute respiratory syndrome (SARs) a ɛte sɛ Covid-19 na ɛsan nso de coronavirus bae no dii dwuma, wɔ 2002–03 ɔyaredɔm no mu; Obiara ansiw ayarefo biara kwan. Nanso, bere a wofii ase yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no na ɛmaa ɔyaredɔm no bae, na ɛkaa akyiri dodo sɛ wobesiw SAR ahorow a wɔde bɛba no ano: na aman anaa amantam anan no nyinaa wɔ nsɛm bi dedaw. Wɔ 2014–16 Ebola ɔyaredɔm no mu no, aman anum bisaa akwantufo a wɔreba no ho sɛnkyerɛnne ne sɛ ebia wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ ayarefo mu na wɔhwɛɛ sɛ ebia atiridiinini wɔ hɔ. Wɔanhu asɛm biako mpo. Nanso akwantufo baanu a wɔanya ɔyare no, a wonni sɛnkyerɛnne biara no hwee ase wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe mu, biako wɔ United States na biako wɔ United Kingdom.
China ne Japan yɛɛ nhyehyɛe kɛse a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu wɔ H1N1 Influenza ɔyaredɔm a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ afe 2009 mu no mu, nanso nhwehwɛmu ahorow kyerɛe sɛ nhwehwɛmu ahorow no kyeree wɔn a wɔanya ɔyare mmoawa no ankasa no mu kakraa bi na aman abien no nyinaa nyaa ɔyare mmoawa a ɛho hia ɔkwan biara so, kuw no bɔ amanneɛ wɔ ne nhwehwɛmu no mu. Entry screening yɛ 'eniffective' wɔ akwantufo a wɔanya ɔyare no a wohu mu, Hadjichristodoulou ne Mouchtouri ka kyerɛ nyansahu. Awiei koraa no, akwantufo a wɔwɔ nyarewa a emu yɛ den a wɔde yare mmoawa ba no ba ayaresabea ahorow, ayaresabea ahorow, ne nnuruyɛfo adwumayɛbea ahorow sen sɛ wɔbɛkyere wɔn wɔ wimhyɛn gyinabea ahorow. Na nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ no yɛ nea ɛho ka yɛ den: Canada sɛee sika a wobu akontaa sɛ ɛyɛ dɔla ɔpepem 5.7 wɔ ne SARS a wɔde kɔhwɛɛ mu no ho, na Australia sɛee dɔla 50,000 wɔ H1N1 asɛm biara a wɔahu wɔ 2009 mu no ho, Hadjichristodoulou ne Mouchtouri ka.
Ɛsono sɛnea yare biara a ɛde ɔyare no ba no yɛ wɔn ade, nanso wɔn baanu no nhwɛ kwan sɛ wimhyɛn gyinabea nhwehwɛmu a wɔbɛyɛ ama Covid-19 no bɛyɛ nea etu mpɔn sen SARs anaa pandemic flu. Na ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ ebenya nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ ɔyare no kwan so, Cowling ka.
Nnansa yi mfoniniyɛ ho nhwehwɛmu abien a wɔayɛ nnansa yi no ma wonya nsɛm a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu nso ho kyim. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ European Center for Disease Prevention and Control no de baa awiei sɛ akwantufo a wɔanya Covid-19 na wofi China nkurow a asɛm no aka wɔn no mu no mu bɛyɛ 75% renhwɛ kwan sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn so. Nhwehwɛmu bi a kuw bi a ɛwɔ London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine yɛe no de baa awiei sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛbɛyɛ yiye sɛ wobesiw kwan a wɔfa so fi adi ne nea wɔde hyɛ mu 'asiw akwantufo a wɔanya ɔyare no ano a wɔbɛfa mu akɔ aman foforo anaa mmeae a ebia wɔbɛtow aba wɔ mpɔtam hɔ nkrasɛm so no ano.'
Wɔ aman a ne nyinaa akyi no wogye nhwehwɛmu tom no fam no, Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde no si so dua sɛ ɛnyɛ asɛm a ɛfa tuo a wɔde kyerɛ ɔhyew ho kɛkɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ɔhyew ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a wɔhwɛ mu ne nsɛmbisa fi ase wɔ ɔkwan a wɔfa so fi mu no so na wɔabisabisa wɔn nsɛm ama wɔn a wobetumi ne wɔn adi nkitaho a asiane kɛse wom no. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ akwantufo a wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne no mu nhwehwɛmu foforo ne nhwehwɛmu, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nsɛm a wɔasi so dua no kɔ baabi a wɔatew wɔn ho na wɔayɛ wɔn ayaresa.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde nhwehwɛmu a wɔde kɔ mu no ne nsɛm a ɛfa baabi a ɔyarefo no wɔ wɔ adapɛn kakraa a atwam no mu a ebetumi aboa akyiri yi wɔ wɔn nkitahodi ahorow a wɔhwehwɛ mu no ho nsɛm a wɔaboaboa ano abɔ mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma akwantufo nsɛm nso na ama wɔanya yare no ho nimdeɛ kɛse na wɔhyɛ wɔn nkuran sɛ wɔnyɛ ahotew pa ho adwuma, saa na ɔyaredɔm ho ɔbenfo Benjamin Anderson a ɔwɔ Duke Kunshan Sukuupɔn mu no ka.
2020 Amerika Fekuw a Ɛhwɛ Nyansahu Nkɔso So. Hokwan ahorow nyinaa wɔ hɔ. AAAS yɛ Hinari, Agora, Oare, Chorus, Clockss, Crossref ne Counter hokafoɔ.
