Ku ya 27 Mutarama, umuganga asuzuma umugenzi ibimenyetso by’umuriro ku cyambu cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Sultan Iskandar Muda i Aceh Besar, muri Indoneziya.
Niba waragenze mumahanga mumezi 2 ashize, ushobora kuba warahuye nabo: abashinzwe ubuzima berekana muri make imbunda ya termometero kumutwe wawe cyangwa kureba uko ugenda ureba ibimenyetso byinkorora cyangwa guhumeka neza.Ubu ibihugu byinshi bireba abagenzi bindege bahagera kandi bagenda bashobora kuba barwaye virusi COVID-19;bamwe basaba abagenzi kuzuza imenyekanisha ryubuzima.(Bamwe kandi babuza gusa cyangwa gushyira mu kato abaherutse kuba ahantu hashyushye.)
Gusuzuma no kwinjira byinjira bishobora kugaragara neza, ariko uburambe hamwe nizindi ndwara byerekana ko ari gake cyane kubashinzwe kumenya abagenzi banduye.Mu cyumweru gishize, abagenzi umunani bapimishije COVID-19 bageze i Shanghai bava mu Butaliyani maze banyura ku cyerekezo cy’indege batabizi, urugero.Kandi niyo abayireba basanze rimwe na rimwe urubanza, nta ngaruka bigira ku nzira yo gutangira.
Ben Cowling, inzobere mu byorezo muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong agira ati: 'Amaherezo, ingamba zigamije gufata indwara z’abagenzi zizadindiza icyorezo cyaho gusa kandi ntizikumire.'We n'abandi bavuga ko akenshi hashyirwaho ibizamini kugira ngo berekane ko guverinoma ifata ingamba, kabone niyo ingaruka zaba nkeya.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko, hashobora kubaho inyungu.Gusuzuma no kubaza abagenzi mbere yuko binjira mu ndege - kugenzura gusohoka - birashobora kubuza bamwe mu barwayi cyangwa bahuye na virusi kugenda.Gusuzuma ibyinjira, bikozwe ukigera ku kibuga cyindege, birashobora kuba umwanya wo gukusanya amakuru yamakuru afite akamaro mugihe bigaragaye ko infection yakwirakwiriye mugihe cyindege no guha abagenzi ubuyobozi kubyo bakora baramutse barwaye.
Muri iki cyumweru gusa, Visi Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika Mike Pence uyobora igisubizo cya coronavirus, yemeye '100% gusuzuma ' mu ndege ziva mu Butaliyani na Koreya y'Epfo zerekeza muri Amerika.Ku munsi w'ejo, Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko abantu 143 bashya ari bo, 'buzafatanya n’amahanga mu rwego rwo gutangiza no gusohoka no kwinjira mu turere tumwe na tumwe twibasiwe n’ibyorezo.' nk'uko byatangajwe na leta CCTV.
Ni kangahe za COVID-19 zapimwe zagaragaye ku isi yose kugeza ubu ntibisobanutse.Ikinyamakuru New Zealand Herald cyatangaje ko byibuze umuntu umwe wo muri Nouvelle-Zélande yabujijwe kwinjira mu ndege yimuka i Wuhan mu Bushinwa, nyuma yo kunanirwa kwisuzumisha.Amerika yatangiye gusuzuma abinjira muri Amerika, abahatuye, n'imiryango yabo bari mu Bushinwa mu minsi 14 ishize ku bibuga by'indege 11 ku ya 2 Gashyantare.(Undi muntu wese wabaye mu Bushinwa muri kiriya gihe ntashobora kwinjira mu gihugu.) Kugeza ku ya 23 Gashyantare, abagenzi bo mu kirere 46.016 bari bamaze kugenzurwa;imwe gusa ni yo yapimwe icyiza kandi yitaruye kugira ngo ivurwe, nk'uko raporo yo ku ya 24 Gashyantare yaturutse mu kigo cyo muri Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC).Biragaragara ko ibyo bitigeze bihagarika ikwirakwizwa rya virusi muri Amerika, kugeza ubu muri iki gitondo hakaba hamaze kugaragara abantu 99, nk'uko CDC ibitangaza, hiyongereyeho abandi 49 mu bantu batashye i Wuhan ndetse n'ubwato bwa Diamond Princess butwara abagenzi i Yokohama, mu Buyapani.
Hariho inzira nyinshi abantu banduye bashobora kunyerera murushundura.Scaneri yubushyuhe hamwe nubushyuhe bwa termometero ntabwo ari byiza.Ikibuze cyane ni uko bapima ubushyuhe bwuruhu, bushobora kuba hejuru cyangwa munsi yubushyuhe bwibanze bwumubiri, ibipimo byingenzi byindwara.Ibikoresho byubaka ibyiza kimwe nibibi, nkuko gahunda yubuzima bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ibigaragaza..
Abagenzi barashobora kandi gufata imiti igabanya umuriro cyangwa kubeshya ibimenyetso byabo n'aho bagiye.Icy'ingenzi cyane, abantu banduye baracyari mubyiciro byabo - bivuze ko badafite ibimenyetso-bakunze kubura.Kuri COVID-19, icyo gihe gishobora kuba ahantu hose hagati yiminsi 2 na 14.
Urugero rumwe rukomeye rwerekana ko kunanirwa kwerekanwa ku kibuga cy’indege byakinwe mu Bushinwa nyuma y’uko abashinwa umunani, abakozi bose muri resitora i Bergamo, mu Butaliyani, bageze ku kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Shanghai Pudong ku ya 27 na 29 Gashyantare, nk’uko amakuru yakusanyirijwe hamwe mu makuru arambuye kuri itangazamakuru ryaho hamwe n'amatangazo ya terse na komite ishinzwe ubuzima no kuboneza urubyaro ya Lishui, umujyi mu ntara ya Zhejiang, uhana imbibi na Shanghai.
Pudong yagize politiki yo gusikana abagenzi bose bahageze kugira umuriro bakoresheje 'amashusho y’amashanyarazi adakoreshwa ' guhera mu mpera za Mutarama;birasaba kandi abagenzi kumenyesha ubuzima bwabo bahageze.Ntibyumvikana niba hari umwe mu bakozi umunani ba resitora wagize ibimenyetso, cyangwa uko bakemuye iyo raporo.Ariko nyuma yo gutwara imodoka zikodeshwa i Lishui, umujyi wabo, umwe mu bagenzi yararwaye;yipimishije SARS-CoV-2, virusi itera COVID-19, ku ya 1 Werurwe.Bukeye, barindwi basigaye baripimishije neza.Nibibazo byambere byemejwe mu ntara ya Zhejiang mu cyumweru 1.
Ubwanyuma ingamba zigamije gufata infection mubagenzi zizadindiza icyorezo cyaho gusa kandi ntizikumira.
Ubunararibonye bwashize ntabwo butera icyizere kinini.Mu isuzuma ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2019 mu kinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije n’ubuzima rusange, abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku mpapuro 114 za siyansi na raporo zerekeye gusuzuma indwara zandura zasohotse mu myaka 15 ishize.Amenshi mu makuru yerekeranye na Ebola, indwara ikomeye ya virusi igihe cyo gukuramo kiri hagati yiminsi 2 nicyumweru 3.Hagati ya Kanama 2014 na Mutarama 2016, isuzuma ryagaragaje ko nta kibazo na kimwe cya Ebola cyagaragaye mu bagenzi 300.000 bapimwe mbere yo gufata indege muri Gineya, Liberiya, na Siyera Lewone, bose bakaba bari bafite icyorezo cya Ebola.Ariko abagenzi bane banduye banyuze mu isuzuma ryo gusohoka kuko bataragaragaza ibimenyetso.
Uru rupapuro rwanditswe na Christos Hadjichristodoulou na Varvara Mouchtouri wo muri kaminuza ya Thessaly na bagenzi be, rwerekanye ko hasohotse gusohoka bishobora kuba byarafashije gukuraho inzitizi zikomeye z’ingendo zerekana ko hafashwe ingamba zo kurinda ibihugu bidafite ingaruka.Kumenya ko bahuye nogusohoka gusohoka birashobora kandi kubuza abantu bamwe bahuye na Ebola no kugerageza gukora.
Bite ho kwerekanwa kurundi ruhande rwurugendo?Tayiwani, Singapuru, Ositaraliya, na Kanada byose byashyize mu bikorwa isuzuma ryinjira muri syndrome ikabije y’ubuhumekero (SARS), isa na COVID-19 kandi ikaba yaratewe na coronavirus, mu cyorezo cya 2002–03;nta n'umwe wigeze afata abarwayi.Icyakora, iki cyorezo cyarimo ahanini igihe isuzumabumenyi ryatangiriye, kandi byaje bitinze kugira ngo hatabaho SARS: Ibihugu cyangwa uturere twose uko ari bine byari bimaze kugira ibibazo.Mu cyorezo cya Ebola 2014–16, ibihugu bitanu byabajije abagenzi baza ku bimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bishobora guhura n’abarwayi kandi basuzuma umuriro.Ntabwo babonye urubanza na rumwe.Ariko abagenzi babiri banduye, badafite ibimenyetso byanyuze mu isuzuma ryinjira, umwe muri Amerika undi mu Bwongereza.
Iri tsinda ryatangaje ko Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani byashyizeho gahunda nyinshi zo gusuzuma ibyinjira mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya grippe H1N1 yo mu 2009, ariko ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko kwipimisha byafashe uduce duto tw’abanduye virusi kandi ibihugu byombi byagize icyorezo gikomeye uko byagenda kose.Kwinjira byinjira ni 'ntacyo bikora ' mugushakisha abagenzi banduye, Hadjichristodoulou na Mouchtouri babwira Science.Amaherezo, abagenzi bafite indwara zikomeye zandura baza ku bitaro, ku mavuriro, no ku biro by'abaganga aho gufatwa ku bibuga by'indege.Kwipimisha birahenze: Kanada yakoresheje miliyoni 5.7 z'amadolari mu isuzuma ryayo ryinjira muri SARS, naho Ositaraliya yakoresheje $ 50.000 ku rubanza rwa H1N1 rwamenyekanye mu 2009, nk'uko Hadjichristodoulou na Mouchtouri babivuga.
Indwara zose zandura zitwara ukundi, ariko bombi ntibateganya ko ikibuga cyindege cya COVID-19 kizagira akamaro kuruta SARS cyangwa ibicurane by’ibyorezo.Cowling avuga ko kandi bidashoboka ko bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku nzira y'icyo cyorezo.
Ubushakashatsi bubiri bwa moderi buherutse guhamagarira kwerekanwa mubibazo nabyo.Abashakashatsi bo mu kigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe gukumira no kurwanya indwara banzuye ko abagera kuri 75% b’abagenzi banduye COVID-19 kandi bagenda bava mu mijyi y’Ubushinwa batabonetse batabisuzumye.Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe nitsinda ry’ishuri ry’i Londere ry’isuku n’ubuvuzi bw’i Londres bwanzuye ko gusohoka no kwinjira 'bidashoboka ko byinjira mu ngendo zanduye mu bihugu cyangwa uturere dushobora gutera imbuto zandurira mu karere. '
Ku bihugu nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, isuzuma ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima rishimangira ko atari ikibazo cyo gufata imbunda ya termometero gusa.Gusohoka gusohoka bigomba gutangirana nubushyuhe nibimenyetso byerekana no kubaza abagenzi kugirango bahure nibibazo byinshi bishobora guhura.Abagenzi bafite ibimenyetso bagomba guhabwa ubundi bushakashatsi no kwipimisha, kandi ibimenyetso byemejwe bigomba kwimurirwa mu bwigunge no kuvurwa.
Kwinjira byinjira bigomba guhuzwa no gukusanya amakuru ajyanye n'aho umurwayi aherereye mu byumweru bike bishize bishobora gufasha nyuma yo gukurikirana imibonano yabo.Inzobere mu byorezo epidemi Benjamin Anderson wo muri kaminuza ya Duke Kunshan, avuga ko abagenzi na bo bagomba guhabwa amakuru kugira ngo bongere ubumenyi ku ndwara kandi bashishikarizwe gukora isuku nziza.
2020 Ishyirahamwe ryabanyamerika rishinzwe guteza imbere ubumenyi.Uburenganzira bwose burabitswe.AAAS ni umufatanyabikorwa wa HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, AMASOKO, CrossRef na COUNTER.
