Omuserikale w’ebyobujjanjabi ng’asika omusaabaze okulaba obubonero bw’omusujja ku kifo we batuukira ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi ekya Sultan Iskandar Muda International Airport mu kibuga Aceh Besar ekya Indonesia nga 27 January.
Bw’oba otambudde mu nsi yonna emyezi 2 egiyise, oyinza okuba nga wazisanga: abaserikale b’ebyobulamu nga bakusonga mu bufunze emmundu epima ebbugumu mu kyenyi oba nga balaba ng’oyitawo okukebera obubonero bw’okusesema oba okukaluubirirwa okussa.Amawanga mangi kati gatunuulidde abasaabaze b’ennyonyi abatuuka n’abasimbula abayinza okukwatibwa obulwadde bw’akawuka COVID-19;ebimu byetaaga abasaabaze okujjuza ebirango by’ebyobulamu.(Abamu era bamala kuwera oba okuteeka mu kalantiini abo ababadde mu bifo ebibuguma ebirwadde bino gye buvuddeko.)
Okukebera abafuluma n’okuyingira kuyinza okulabika ng’okugumya, naye obumanyirivu ku ndwadde endala bulaga nti si kya bulijjo nnyo abakebera okuzuula abasaabaze abalina akawuka.Wiiki ewedde yokka, abasaabaze munaana oluvannyuma ne bazuulibwa nga balina ekirwadde kya COVID-19 baatuuse e Shanghai okuva e Italy ne bayita ku bakebera ku kisaawe nga tebategedde, okugeza.Era ne bwe kiba nti abakebera abalwadde bazudde obulwadde buno oluusi n’oluusi, kumpi tekirina kye kikwata ku ngeri obulwadde buno gye bubalukamu.
'Mu nkomerero, enkola ezigendereddwamu okukwata yinfekisoni mu batambuze zijja kulwawo ssennyiga w'omu kitundu so si kugiziyiza,' Ben Cowling, omukugu mu by'endwadde mu yunivasite y'e Hong Kong bw'agamba.Ye n’abalala bagamba nti okukebera kutera okuteekebwawo okulaga nti gavumenti erina ky’ekola, ne bwe kiba nti ekikosa kitono.
Wadde kiri kityo, abanoonyereza bagamba nti wayinza okubaawo emiganyulo.Okwekenenya n’okubuuza abasaabaze nga tebannalinnya nnyonyi —okukebera engeri gye bafuluma —kiyinza okulemesa abamu abalwadde oba abaali bafunye akawuka okutambula.Okukebera okuyingira, okukolebwa nga batuuse ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi we bagenda, kuyinza okuba omukisa okukung’aanya ebikwata ku bantu b’oyinza okukwatagana nabo eby’omugaso singa kizuulibwa nti yinfekisoni yasaasaana ddala mu nnyonyi n’okuwa abatambuze obulagirizi ku ky’okukola singa balwala.
Wiiki eno yokka, omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Amerika, Mike Pence, akulembeddemu okulwanyisa ekirwadde kya coronavirus, yeeyamye '100% screening' ku nnyonyi ezigenda obutereevu okuva e Italy ne South Korea okugenda mu America.China, eyafunye abalwadde 143 bokka eggulo, 'egenda kukolagana mu nsi yonna okutandikawo okukebera abafuluma n'okuyingira n'ebitundu ebikwatibwako ebitawaanyizibwa endwadde z'ekirwadde kino,' Liu Haitao, omukungu mu kitongole kya China ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'okuyingiza abantu mu ggwanga bwe yategeezezza mu lukung'aana lwa bannamawulire olwatudde nga 1 March mu kibuga Beijing, okusinziira ku kitongole kya gavumenti ekya CCTV.
Okukebera abalwadde ba COVID-19 bameka mu nsi yonna okutuusa kati tekinnategeerekeka.Waakiri omu New Zealand omu yalemesebwa okulinnya ennyonyi eyabadde egenda okusengula abantu okuva e Wuhan mu China oluvannyuma lw’okulemererwa okukeberebwa obulamu bwe, The New Zealand Herald bwe yategeezezza.Amerika yatandika okukebera bannansi ba Amerika, abatuuze ab’enkalakkalira, n’amaka gaabwe ababadde mu China mu nnaku 14 eziyise ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi 11 nga 2 February.(Omuntu omulala yenna abadde mu China mu bbanga eryo tasobola kuyingira ggwanga lino.) We bwazibidde nga 23 February, abatembeeyi b’ennyonyi 46,016 baali bakebereddwa;omu yekka ye yakeberebwa n’azuulibwa n’akwatibwa era n’ayawulibwa okujjanjabibwa okusinziira ku lipoota eyafulumizibwa nga 24 February okuva mu kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde (CDC).Ekyo kyeyoleka bulungi nti tekikomye kusaasaana kwa kawuka kano mu Amerika, nga we bwazibidde enkya ya leero, abantu 99 abakakasiddwa okukwatibwa obulwadde buno okusinziira ku CDC, nga kw’ogasse n’abalala 49 mu bantu abakomezeddwawo okuva e Wuhan n’emmeeri ya Diamond Princess cruise ship e Yokohama mu Japan.
Waliwo engeri nnyingi abantu abalina akawuka gye bayinza okuseerera mu katimba.Sikaani z’ebbugumu n’ebipima ebbugumu mu ngalo si bituukiridde.Ekisinga okubulamu kwe kupima ebbugumu ly’olususu, eriyinza okuba waggulu oba wansi okusinga ebbugumu ly’omubiri erya core, metric enkulu eri omusujja.Ebyuma bino bifulumya obubonero obw’obulimba nga kw’otadde n’obulungi obw’obulimba okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’ebyobulamu eya EU..
Abasaabaze nabo basobola okumira eddagala eriweweeza ku musujja oba okulimba obubonero bwabwe ne gye babadde.Ekisinga obukulu, abantu abalina obulwadde buno abakyali mu mutendera gwabwe ogw’okufumbiza —ekitegeeza nti tebalina bubonero —batera okusubwa.Ku COVID-19, ebbanga eryo liyinza okuba wonna wakati w’ennaku 2 ne 14.
Ekyokulabirako ekimu eky’ekitalo eky’okulemererwa kw’okukebera ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi ekyaakazannyibwa mu China oluvannyuma lwa bannansi ba China munaana nga bonna bakozi mu dduuka ly’emmere e Bergamo mu Yitale, okutuuka ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Shanghai Pudong International Airport nga 27 ne 29 February, okusinziira ku mawulire agaagattibwa wamu okuva mu bujjuvu mu... emikutu gy’amawulire egy’omu kitundu n’ebirango ebimpimpi ebikoleddwa akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by’obulamu n’okuteekateeka amaka aka Lishui, ekibuga mu ssaza ly’e Zhejiang, ekiriraanye ensalo ya Shanghai.
Pudong ebadde n'enkola ey'okusika abasaabaze bonna abatuuka okulaba oba tebalina musujja nga bakozesa 'noncontact thermal imaging' okuva ku nkomerero ya January;era kyetaagisa abasaabaze okutegeeza embeera y’obulamu bwabwe nga batuuse.Tekinnamanyika oba waliwo ku bakozi omunaana mu dduuka ly’emmere eyalina obubonero, oba engeri gye baakwatamu lipoota eyo.Naye oluvannyuma lw’okutwala mmotoka ezipangisiddwa okugenda e Lishui, ekibuga kyabwe, omu ku basaabaze yalwala;yakeberebwa n’azuulibwa n’obulwadde bwa SARS-CoV-2, akawuka akaleeta COVID-19, nga 1 March.Enkeera, omusanvu abasigaddewo nabo baazuuliddwa nga balina obulwadde buno.Bano be basoose okuzuulibwa mu ssaza ly’e Zhejiang mu wiiki emu.
Mu nkomerero enkola ezigendereddwamu okukwata yinfekisoni mu batambuze zijja kulwawo ssennyiga w’omu kitundu so si kugiziyiza.
Obumanyirivu obwayita nabwo tebuleeta bwesige bungi.Mu kwekenneenya okwakolebwa mu 2019 mu International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, abanoonyereza beekenneenyezza empapula za ssaayansi 114 ne lipoota ezikwata ku kukebera endwadde ezisiigibwa ezaafulumizibwa mu myaka 15 egiyise.Ebisinga ku bikwata ku Ebola, obulwadde obw’amaanyi obuva ku kawuka ng’ekiseera ky’okufumbirwa buli wakati w’ennaku 2 ne wiiki 3.Wakati wa August 2014 ne January 2016, okwekenneenya kuno kwazudde nti, tewali n’omu yazuulibwa mu balwadde ba Ebola mu basaabaze 300,000 abaakeberebwa nga tebannalinnya nnyonyi mu Guinea, Liberia ne Sierra Leone, nga zonna zaali zirina endwadde ennene eza Ebola.Wabula abasaabaze bana abalina obulwadde buno baaseeredde mu kukeberebwa abafuluma kubanga tebannaba kufuna bubonero.
Wadde kiri kityo, okukebera abafuluma kuyinza okuba nga kwayamba okuva ku bukwakkulizo obw’amaanyi obw’entambula nga kulaga nti waliwo ebikolebwa okukuuma amawanga agatakoseddwa, olupapula luno olwawandiikibwa Christos Hadjichristodoulou ne Varvara Mouchtouri ab’omu Yunivasite y’e Thessaly ne banne bwe lwategeezezza.Okumanya nti bandisanze okukeberebwa okuva mu bafuluma nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kyalemesa abantu abamu abakwatibwa Ebola n’okugezaako okutambula.
Ate kiri kitya ku kusengejja ku nkomerero endala ey’olugendo?Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, ne Canada zonna zaateeka mu nkola okukebera okuyingira mu nsonga z’obulwadde bw’okussa obw’amaanyi (SARS), obufaananako ne COVID-19 era nga nabwo buva ku kawuka ka coronavirus, mu kiseera kino ekyabalukawo mu 2002–03;tewali n’omu yakwata mulwadde yenna.Wabula ekirwadde kino okusinga kyali kiziyiziddwa we kwatandikiddewo okwekebejja, era nga kikeeredde okutangira okuyingiza obulwadde bwa SARS: Amawanga oba ebitundu byonna ebina byalina dda abalwadde.Mu kiseera ky’ekirwadde kya Ebola mu 2014–16, amawanga ataano gaabuuza abatembeeyi abayingira ku bubonero n’okukwatibwa abalwadde ne bakebera oba tebalina musujja.Nabo tebaazudde musango gumu.Wabula abasaabaze babiri abaali bafunye obulwadde buno, nga tebalina bubonero buno baaseeredde mu kukeberebwa okuyingira, omu mu Amerika ate omulala mu Bungereza.
China ne Japan zaateekawo enteekateeka nnyingi ez’okukebera abayingira mu kiseera ky’ekirwadde kya ssennyiga wa H1N1 mu 2009, kyokka okunoonyereza kwazudde nti okukebera kuno kwakwata obutundutundu obutono obw’abo abakwatibwa ddala akawuka kano era amawanga gombi gaali gasaasaana nnyo mu ngeri yonna, ttiimu eno bw’etegeezezza mu kwekenneenya kwayo.Okukebera abayingira 'tekukola' mu kuzuula abatambuze abalina akawuka, Hadjichristodoulou ne Mouchtouri bwe bategeezezza Science.Ku nkomerero, abatambuze abalina endwadde ez’amaanyi ezisiigibwa bajja mu malwaliro, mu malwaliro, ne mu ofiisi z’abasawo okusinga okukwatibwa ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi.Era okukebera kusaasaanya ssente nnyingi: Canada yasaasaanya obukadde bwa ddoola obubalirirwamu 5.7 mu kwekebejja kwayo okuyingira mu SARS, ate Australia yasaasaanya ddoola 50,000 buli mulwadde wa H1N1 eyazuulibwa mu 2009, Hadjichristodoulou ne Mouchtouri bwe bagamba.
Buli bulwadde obusiigibwa yeeyisa mu ngeri ya njawulo, naye ababiri bano tebasuubira nti okwekebejja ekirwadde kya COVID-19 ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi kijja kukola bulungi okusinga ku SARS oba ssennyiga omukambwe.Era tekisuubirwa kubaako kinene kye kikosa ku nkola y’ekirwadde kino, Cowling bw’agamba.
Okunoonyereza kubiri okwakakolebwa ku modeling kubuusabuusa n’okukebera.Abanoonyereza mu kitongole kya European Center for Disease Prevention and Control baakizudde nti abasaabaze nga 75% abakwatibwa ekirwadde kya COVID-19 era nga bava mu bibuga bya China ebikoseddwa tebajja kuzuulibwa nga bakeberebwa okuyingira.Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekibiina mu London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine kwamaliriza nti okukebera okufuluma n'okuyingira 'tekuyinza kulemesa kuyita kwa batambuze abalina akawuka mu nsi oba ebitundu ebipya mwe bayinza okusiga obulwadde mu kitundu.'
Ku mawanga wadde kiri kityo, agakwata enkola y’okukebera, ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna kiggumiza nti si nsonga ya kukwata mmundu ya bbugumu yokka.Okukebera abafuluma kulina okutandika n’okukebera ebbugumu n’obubonero n’okubuuza abasaabaze ebibuuzo okulaba oba bayinza okukwatibwa abantu ab’akabi ennyo.Abatambuze abalina obubonero balina okwongera okukeberebwa n’okukeberebwa abasawo, era abakakasiddwa nti balina obulwadde buno balina okutwalibwa mu kweyawula n’okujjanjabibwa.
Okukebera okuyingira kulina okugatta n’okukung’aanya ebikwata ku mulwadde gy’ali mu wiiki eziyise ebiyinza okuyamba oluvannyuma mu kulondoola abantu be bakwatagana nabo.Abatembeeyi nabo balina okuweebwa amawulire okwongera okumanyisa abantu endwadde n’okukubiriza okukola obuyonjo obulungi obw’obuntu, omukugu mu by’obulwadde Benjamin Anderson owa Duke Kunshan University bw’agamba.
2020 Ekibiina ky’Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukulaakulanya ssaayansi.Eddembe lyonna liri mu buyinza bwaffe.AAAS mukwaano wa kkampuni ya HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef ne COUNTER.
