Mumwe chiremba anoongorora mutyairi kuti ane zviratidzo zvefivha panzvimbo yekusvika yeSultan Iskandar Muda International Airport muAceh Besar, Indonesia, musi wa27 Ndira.
Kana wakafamba kune dzimwe nyika mwedzi miviri yadarika, unogona kunge wakasangana nazvo: vakuru vezvehutano vakanongedza kwenguva pfupi pfuti yethermometer pahuma yako kana kutarisa uchipfuura kuti vaone kana paine chikosoro kana kutadza kufema zvakanaka. Nyika zhinji dzave kuona vanosvika nekusimuka vafambi vendege vanogona kurwara nehutachiona hweCOVID-19; zvimwe zvinoda kuti vafambi vazadze zviziviso zvoutano. (Vamwe vanongorambidza kana kugarisa avo vachangobva munzvimbo dzinopisa.)
Kubuda nekupinda kuongorora kunogona kutaridzika kunyaradza, asi ruzivo nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoratidza kuti hazviwanzo kuwanda kuti vanoongorora vaone vafambi vane hutachiona. Vhiki rapfuura chete, vapfuuri vasere vakazoedza kuti vane COVID-19 vakasvika muShanghai vachibva kuItari uye vakapfuura nhandare yendege vasingaonekwe, semuenzaniso. Uye kunyangwe kana mascreeners akawana imwe nguva nyaya, inenge isina kukanganisa munzira yekubuda.
'Pakupedzisira, matanho akanangana nekubata hutachiona muvafambi anongononotsa denda remunharaunda uye kwete kuridzivirira,' anodaro Ben Cowling, chiremba wechirwere chechirwere kuYunivhesiti yeHong Kong. Ivo nevamwe vanoti kuvhenekwa kunowanzotangwa kuratidza kuti hurumende iri kutora matanho, kunyange mhedzisiro yacho iri padiki.
Kunyange zvakadaro, vatsvakurudzi vanoti, panogona kuva nezvinobatsira. Kuongorora uye kubvunza vatyairi vasati vakwira ndege - kubuda kuvhenekwa - kunogona kudzivirira vamwe vanorwara kana vakaoneswa hutachiona kufamba. Kuongororwa kwekupinda, kunoitwa pakusvika panhandare yendege, kunogona kuve mukana wekuunganidza ruzivo rwekufonera runobatsira kana zvikaitika kuti hutachiona hwakapararira panguva yekubhururuka uye nekupa vafambi gwara rezvekuita kana vakarwara.
Vhiki rino chete, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weAmerica, VaMike Pence, avo vari kutungamira mhinduro yekoronavirus, vakavimbisa '100% kuongorora' pandege dzakananga kubva kuItari neSouth Korea kuenda kuUnited States. China, iyo yakangotaura zana nemakumi mana nenhatu chete nyaya nyowani nezuro, 'ichabatana pasi rose kutanga kubuda nekupinda kuongororwa nematunhu akatarisana nedenda,' Liu Haitao, mukuru kuChina National Immigration Administration, akadaro pamusangano wevatori venhau waKurume 1 muBeijing, sekureva kwenhepfenyuro yenyika CCTV.
Mangani eCCIDID-19 makesi ekuongororwa aonekwa pasi rese kusvika parizvino hazvina kujeka. Inenge imwe yeNew Zealander yakadziviswa kukwira ndege yekubuda kubva kuWuhan, China, mushure mekutadza kuongororwa hutano, New Zealand Herald yakashuma. United States yakatanga kuongorora vagari vemuUS, vagari zvachose, uye mhuri dzavo vanga vari kuChina mukati memazuva gumi nemana apfuura panhandare dzendege gumi neimwe musi wa2 Kukadzi. (Chero ani zvake anga ari muChina mukati menguva iyoyo haagoni kupinda munyika.) Pakasvika 23 February, vafambi vendege 46 016 vakanga vaongororwa; Mumwe chete ndiye akaonekwa aine hutachiona uye akaparadzaniswa kuti arapwe, sekureva kwaKukadzi 24 mushumo kubva kuUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Izvo zvakajeka hazvina kumisa kupararira kwehutachiona muUnited States, iyo kubva mangwanani ano yave nematare makumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe akasimbiswa, maererano neCDC, uye makumi mana nevapfumbamwe pakati pevanhu vakadzoserwa kubva kuWuhan nechikepe cheDiamond Princess muYokohama, Japan.
Kune nzira dzakawanda vanhu vane hutachiona vanogona kutsvedza nemambure. Thermal scanners uye ma thermometers anobatwa nemaoko haana kukwana. Chikanganiso chikuru ndechekuti vanoyera tembiricha yeganda, inogona kunge yakakwira kana kudzika pane yepakati tembiricha yemuviri, iyo kiyi metric yefivha. Midziyo iyi inoburitsa manyepo enhema pamwe neasina nhema, maererano neEU Health Program. (Vafambi vanocherekedzwa sevanopisa muviri nema scanner vanowanzo pfuura nepakuongorora kwechipiri uko mathermometer emuromo, nzeve, kana muhapwa anoshandiswa kuratidza tembiricha yemunhu.)
Vatakuri vanogonawo kunwa zvinodhaka zvinoderedza fivha kana kunyepa nezvezviratidzo zvavo uye kwavanga vari. Kunyanya kukosha, vanhu vane hutachiona vachiri muchikamu chavo chekusimudzira - zvichireva kuti havana zviratidzo - vanowanzopotsa. Kune COVID-19, nguva iyoyo inogona kuva chero pakati pemazuva maviri negumi nemana.
Mumwe muenzaniso unoshamisa wekutadza kutariswa kwenhandare yendege ichangotambwa muChina mushure mevagari vasere vekuChina, vese vashandi paresitorendi muBergamo, Italy, vasvika paShanghai Pudong International Airport musi wa 27 na 29 Kukadzi, maererano neruzivo rwakabatanidzwa kubva munhau dzemunharaunda uye zviziviso zvipfupi neHealth & Family Planning Committee yeLishui, guta riri mudunhu reZhejiang Shanghai.
Pudong yakave nemutemo wekutarisa vafambi vese vanosvika kune fivha vachishandisa 'isina kubatwa nemafuta ekufungidzira' kubva mukupera kwaNdira; zvinodawo kuti vafambi vataure nezvehutano hwavo pavanosvika. Hazvizivikanwe kana chero wevashandi vasere vekuresitorendi aive nezviratidzo, kana mabatiro avakaita chirevo. Asi pashure pokuendesa motokari dzahayiwa kuLishui, taundi rokumusha kwavo, mumwe wavafambi akarwara; akaongororwa aine SARS-CoV-2, hutachiona hunokonzera COVID-19, musi wa 1 Kurume. Zuva rakatevera, vanomwe vakasara vakaonekwa vaine hutachiona zvakare. Ndivo vaive nyaya dzekutanga dzakasimbiswa mudunhu reZhejiang muvhiki imwe.
Pakupedzisira matanho akanangana nekubata hutachiona muvafambi anongononoka denda renzvimbo uye kwete kuridzivirira.
Zvakaitika kare hazvipi chivimbo chakawanda zvakare. Muongororo ya2019 muInternational Journal yeEnvironment Research uye Public Health, vaongorori vakaongorora mapepa esainzi zana negumi nemana uye mishumo yekuongorora chirwere chinotapukira chakaburitswa mumakore gumi nemashanu apfuura. Yakawanda yedata ndeye Ebola, chirwere chakakomba chevhairasi iyo incubation nguva iri chero pakati pemazuva maviri nemasvondo matatu. Pakati paAugust 2014 naJanuary 2016, kuongorora kwakawanikwa, hapana nyaya imwe chete yeEbola yakaonekwa pakati pevatakuri ve300,000 vakaongororwa vasati vakwira ndege muGuinea, Liberia, neSierra Leone, iyo yose yakanga ine denda guru reEbola. Asi vafambi vana vane hutachiona vakatsvedza kuburikidza nekubuda panze nekuti vanga vasati vave nezviratidzo.
Zvakadaro, kubuda kuongorora kunogona kunge kwakabatsira kumisa zvimwe zvirambidzo zvekufamba nekuratidza kuti matanho ari kutorwa kuchengetedza nyika dzisina kubatwa, rakadaro bepa, rakanyorwa naChristos Hadjichristodoulou naVarvara Mouchtouri veYunivhesiti yeThessaly nevamwe. Kuziva kuti vangadai vakasangana nekuvhenekwa kwekubuda kungave kwakatadzisa vamwe vanhu vakafumurwa Ebola kubva kana kuedza kufamba.
Zvakadini nekuongorora kune rumwe rutivi rworwendo? Taiwan, Singapore, Australia, neCanada vese vakaisa kuongororwa kweyakanyanya acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), yakafanana neCCIDID-19 uye zvakare yakakonzerwa nekoronavirus, panguva yekubuda kwa2002-03; hapana akabata chero varwere. Nekudaro, kubuda uku kwainyanya kuvepo panguva yakatangwa kuongororwa, uye yakanonoka kudzivirira kuunzwa kweSARS: Nyika ina dzese kana matunhu aitove nemhosva. Munguva yedenda reEbola ra2014-16, nyika shanu dzakabvunza vafambi vaiuya nezvezviratidzo uye mukana wekusangana nevarwere uye vakatariswa kuti havana fivha here. Havana kuwana kana nyaya imwe chete. Asi vaviri vane hutachiona, vafambi vakatsvedza nekupinda mukati, mumwe muUnited States uye mumwe kuUnited Kingdom.
China neJapan dzakaisa zvirongwa zvekuongorora zvakakura panguva yeH1N1 denda refuruwenza muna 2009, asi zvidzidzo zvakaona kuti ongororo dzakatora zvikamu zvidiki zveavo vakatapukirwa nehutachiona uye nyika mbiri idzi dzakabuda zvakanyanya, timu inoshuma muongororo yayo. Kuongororwa kwekupinda 'hakushande' mukuona vafambi vane hutachiona, Hadjichristodoulou naMouchtouri vanoudza Sainzi. Pakupedzisira, vafambi vane zvirwere zvakakomba zvinotapukira vanoenda kuzvipatara, makiriniki, uye kumahofisi avanachiremba panzvimbo pokubatwa panhandare dzendege. Uye kuongorora kunodhura: Canada yakashandisa mari inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika miriyoni mazana mashanu nenomwe pakuongorora kwayo kweSARS, uye Australia yakashandisa madhora zviuru makumi mashanu pamhosva yakaonekwa yeH1N1 muna 2009, Hadjichristodoulou naMouchtouri vanodaro.
Chirwere chese chinotapukira chinozvibata zvakasiyana, asi vaviri vacho havatarisire kuongororwa kwenhandare yendege yeCCIDID-19 kuti ishande kupfuura SARS kana denda furuwenza. Uye hazvigone kuve nekukanganisa kwakakosha munzira yekubuda, Cowling anodaro.
Zvidzidzo zviviri zvichangoburwa zvekuenzanisira zvinodaidzira kuongorora mubvunzo zvakare. Vatsvagiri veEuropean Center for Disease Prevention and Control vakagumisa kuti vangangosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana evatakuri vakatapukirwa neCCIDID-19 uye vachifamba kubva kumaguta akakanganisika eChinese havazoonekwa nekupinda mukati. Ongororo yakaitwa neboka paLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine yakagumisa kuti kubuda nekupinda kuongororwa 'hakugone kudzivirira kupinda kwevafambi vane hutachiona kuenda kunyika itsva kana matunhu kwavanogona kutapurira mbeu munharaunda.'
Kunyika idzo dzakatanga kuongorora, World Health Organisation inosimbisa kuti haisi nyaya yekungosimudza pfuti yethermometer. Kubuda kuongorora kunofanirwa kutanga nekushisa uye cheki yezviratidzo uye kubvunzurudzwa kwevafambi kuti vaonekwe kune vane njodzi huru. Vafambi vane zviratidzo vanofanirwa kupihwa imwezve ongororo yekurapa uye kuongororwa, uye nyaya dzakasimbiswa dzinofanirwa kutamirwa kune yega uye kurapwa.
Kuongororwa kwekupinda kunofanirwa kupetwa pamwe nekuunganidza data nezve kwaaive murwere mumavhiki mashoma apfuura ayo anogona gare gare kubatsira nekutsvaga vavanosangana navo. Vafambi vanofanirwawo kupihwa ruzivo rwekuwedzera ruzivo rwechirwere uye kukurudzirwa kuita hutsanana hwakanaka, anodaro chiremba wechirwere chechirwere Benjamin Anderson weDuke Kunshan University.
2020 American Association yekufambira mberi kweSainzi. All rights reserved. AAAS ishamwari yeHINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef uye COUNTER.
